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Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Mohegan Food, Sweetener
Sap used as a sweetening agent and to make maple syrup.
Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Ojibwa Food, Beverage
Sap saved to drink as it comes from the tree, alone or mixed with box elder or birch sap.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Ojibwa Food, Sour
Sap allowed to sour to make vinegar and mixed with maple sugar to cook sweet and sour meat.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Ojibwa Food, Sweetener
Maple sugar used to season all kinds of meats, replaced now with salt. Smith describes in detail the process by which the Ojibwe make maple syrup. Although now (1932) they use iron kettles, originally the sap and storage vessels were 'made of birch bark, sewed with boiled basswood fiber or the core of the jack pine root.' The vessels are rendered waterproof by the application of pitch secured by boiling jack pine cones.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to make bowls and many other objects of utility.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to make paddles for stirring maple sugar or wild rice while scorching or parching it.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Potawatomi Drug, Expectorant
Inner bark used as an expectorant.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Potawatomi Food, Beverage
Maple sap, as it came from the tree, drunk by children.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Potawatomi Food, Candy
Children made taffy by cooling the maple sap in the snow.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Potawatomi Food, Sour
Maple sap not only furnished the sugar for seasoning material but also furnished the vinegar. Sap that was allowed to become sour made a vinegar to be used in cooking venison which was afterwards sweetened with maple sugar. This corresponds somewhat to the German 'sweet and sour' style of cooking.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Sugar Maple
USDA ACSAS
Potawatomi Food, Sweetener
Maple sugar used, instead of salt, to season all cooking. The sugar maple and the black sugar maple are found all over Wisconsin and were considered to be the most valuable trees in the forest because they furnished them their seasoning material. While they do use salt today, it is an acquired ingredient and most of the old people would prefer to have sugar for their seasoning.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92
Acer sp.
Maple
Paiute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make bows.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 88
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of boiled root chips applied to wounds and abscesses.
Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Iroquois Drug, Antihemorrhagic
Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for internal hemorrhage.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 377
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Plant used for intestinal diseases.
Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 94
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Malecite Drug, Eye Medicine
Infusion of outside bark used for sore eyes.
Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Malecite Drug, Eye Medicine
Poultice of outside bark used for sore eyes.
Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Menominee Other, Designs
Leaves used as design for bead work and applique work.
Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Micmac Drug, Eye Medicine
Bark used for sore eyes.
Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine
Infusion of pith used as a wash for sore eyes and pith used to remove foreign matter.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Ojibwa Other, Designs
Three-lobed leaf was a great favorite with Ojibwe women for design work for beading.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make arrows.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Ojibwa Other, Toys & Games
Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Potawatomi Drug, Cough Medicine
Compound containing inner bark used as cough syrup.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37
Acer spicatum Lam.
Mountain Maple
USDA ACSP2
Potawatomi Other, Designs
Leaves used as a pattern for bead and applique work. In making up a design for art work or bead work, a woman would burn deer antlers until they turned to charcoal and use this to rub on the backs of leaves. This surface was placed down upon a piece of white birchbark and rubbed until the shape and venation of the leaves were transferred to the birchbark. Then arranging with other leaves, a design would be formed which would be the pattern for the bead work. Oftentimes, this would be placed directly under the loom so that the form and outline of the finished bead work would be a true representation of the natural object.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 110
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Abnaki Drug, Cold Remedy
Infusion of whole plant given to children for colds.
Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Abnaki Drug, Febrifuge
Used for fevers.
Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Abnaki Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Used for grippe.
Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Abnaki Drug, Pediatric Aid
Infusion of whole plant given to children for colds.
Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Analgesic
Crushed leaves used as a snuff for headaches.
Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Cold Remedy
Used for colds.
Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Poultice
Leaves used for poultices.
Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Respiratory Aid
Used for respiratory disorders.
Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Analgesic
Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches.
Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Bella Coola Drug, Breast Treatment
Leaves pounded, heated and used for breast abscesses.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Bella Coola Drug, Burn Dressing
Leaves pounded, heated and used for burns.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Bella Coola Drug, Burn Dressing
Poultice of chewed leaves applied to burns.
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid
Leaves pounded, heated and used for boils.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Bella Coola Drug, Pediatric Aid
Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Bella Coola Drug, Respiratory Aid
Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Analgesic
Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body to soothe the pain of gastroenteritis.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Infusion of plant applied to swellingss.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Poultice of chewed flowers applied to swollen parts.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid
Infusion of plant applied to sores.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Diuretic
Infusion of plant taken as a diuretic to pass the sickness with the urine.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid
Infusion of leaves taken to expel the afterbirth.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid
Infusion of leaves taken when labor pains started and to ease the delivery.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Liver Aid
Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body for liver troubles.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Panacea
Infusion of plant rubbed on the body part affected by sickness.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69
Achillea millefolium L.
Common Yarrow
USDA ACMIM2
Blackfoot Drug, Throat Aid
Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70