Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli

Common names: American Elder
Species details (USDA): USDA SANIC4

Documented uses

145 uses documented
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Emetic detail... (Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, pages 236)
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Laxative detail... (Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, pages 236)
Cahuilla Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Drug, Laxative detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Dye, Black detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Dye, Orange detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Dye, Purple detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Dye, Yellow detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Food, Fruit detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Food, Preserves detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Food, Sauce & Relish detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cahuilla Other, Toys & Games detail... (Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, pages 138)
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Burn Dressing detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Cathartic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Diaphoretic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Disinfectant detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Diuretic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Emetic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Other detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Food, Beverage detail... (Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, pages 32)
Cherokee Food, Fruit detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Food, Pie & Pudding detail... (Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, pages 32)
Cherokee Food, Preserves detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 33)
Cherokee Food, Preserves detail... (Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, pages 32)
Chickasaw Drug, Analgesic detail... (Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, pages 58)
Chippewa Drug, Emetic detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, pages 142)
Chippewa Food, Dried Food detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, pages 142)
Chippewa Food, Fruit detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, pages 142)
Choctaw Drug, Liver Aid detail... (Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, pages 58)
Creek Drug, Breast Treatment detail... (Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, pages 58)
Creek Drug, Gynecological Aid detail... (Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, pages 661)
Dakota Food, Beverage detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Dakota Food, Fruit detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Dakota Other, Toys & Games detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Delaware Drug, Blood Medicine detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 31)
Delaware Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 31)
Delaware Drug, Liver Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 31)
Delaware Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 31)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Blood Medicine detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 26, 78)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 26, 78)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 26, 78)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 26)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 26)
Diegueno Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, pages 41)
Diegueno Drug, Laxative detail... (Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, pages 41)
Diegueno Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, pages 41)
Diegueno Food, Fruit detail... (Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, pages 41)
Diegueno Food, Winter Use Food detail... (Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, pages 41)
Diegueno Other, Toys & Games detail... (Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, pages 41)
Houma Drug, Analgesic detail... (Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, pages 60)
Houma Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, pages 60)
Houma Drug, Tonic detail... (Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, pages 60)
Houma Other, Hunting & Fishing Item detail... (Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, pages 60)
Iroquois Drug, Analgesic detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, pages 19)
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Drug, Emetic detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, pages 96)
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 450)
Iroquois Drug, Heart Medicine detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 450)
Iroquois Drug, Kidney Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Drug, Laxative detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Laxative detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Drug, Liver Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 450)
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 450)
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 450)
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Drug, Unspecified detail... (Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, pages 96)
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 448)
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 449)
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake detail... (Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, pages 128)
Iroquois Food, Dried Food detail... (Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, pages 128)
Iroquois Food, Fruit detail... (Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, pages 128)
Iroquois Food, Fruit detail... (Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, pages 96)
Iroquois Food, Porridge detail... (Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, pages 96)
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish detail... (Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, pages 96)
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish detail... (Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, pages 96)
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish detail... (Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, pages 128)
Menominee Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, pages 27)
Menominee Other, Toys & Games detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, pages 74)
Meskwaki Drug, Cathartic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 207)
Meskwaki Drug, Diuretic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 207)
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 207)
Meskwaki Drug, Pulmonary Aid detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 207)
Meskwaki Food, Fruit detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 256)
Meskwaki Food, Preserves detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 256)
Meskwaki Other, Insecticide detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 207)
Meskwaki Other, Toys & Games detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 268)
Micmac Drug, Cathartic detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 61)
Micmac Drug, Emetic detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 61)
Micmac Drug, Sedative detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 61)
Mohegan Drug, Cathartic detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, pages 265)
Mohegan Drug, Emetic detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, pages 265)
Mohegan Drug, Emetic detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 75, 132)
Mohegan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 75, 132)
Mohegan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, pages 265)
Mohegan Drug, Laxative detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 75, 132)
Mohegan Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 75, 132)
Omaha Food, Beverage detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Omaha Food, Fruit detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Omaha Other, Toys & Games detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Paiute Food, Dried Food detail... (Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, pages 245)
Paiute Food, Fruit detail... (Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, pages 245)
Pawnee Food, Beverage detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Pawnee Food, Fruit detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Pima Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, pages 75)
Pima Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, pages 75)
Pima Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, pages 75)
Pima Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, pages 75)
Pima Food, Preserves detail... (Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, pages 75)
Pima, Gila River Food, Beverage detail... (Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, pages 5)
Pima, Gila River Food, Fruit detail... (Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, pages 5)
Pima, Gila River Food, Snack Food detail... (Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, pages 7)
Ponca Food, Beverage detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Ponca Food, Fruit detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Ponca Other, Toys & Games detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 115)
Rappahannock Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) detail... (Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., pages 33)
Rappahannock Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., pages 34)
Seminole Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 167)
Seminole Drug, Emetic detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 276)
Seminole Drug, Emetic detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 167)
Seminole Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 276)
Seminole Food, Starvation Food detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 505)
Seminole Other, Tools detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 505)
Seminole Other, Tools detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 172)
Seminole Other, Toys & Games detail... (Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, pages 505)
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, pages 474)

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